The APA defines a secondary source (aka an indirect source) as a source that cites or quotes another source.įor example, if you read an article by Brown (2020) and that author quotes the earlier work of Smith (2017), Brown is the secondary or indirect source (because it was written later) and Smith is considered the direct or original source (because it was written first).ĪPA advises that you find, read, and cite the original source whenever possible. (Thompson, n.d., Teaching for Success section, para. You can often find the publication date of a web page at the top or bottom of the page.
("Policies and Procedures for Patrol," 2018, p. If the title is very long, just use the first few words: If there is no clear article title, include the web page title within quotation marks (“”). If your web page does not include any author, include the article title within quotation marks (""). If you can’t find an individual author, but you can find an organization or group that is responsible for the content of a web page, then cite that group, organization, corporation, university, government agency, or association as the author.Īuthor is an Organization/Company/University/Agency (Dunn, 2016, Plant-Based Foods section, para. When citing a web page, determine if the author is a person or an organization. Other web pages do not list a person as the author, and the author is instead a company or organization. Some web pages include an clear individual as the author.
If there are no page numbers, include the most direct location of the quote, such as a section title and/or a paragraph number. If you are using a quote, you will also need to include the page number. When paraphrasing or summarizing a web page, the citation should include the author last name and date listed on the web page or at the bottom of the website. See more information on citing personal communications below.) (The exception to the above rule includes personal communications. Narrative citation: Include some of the citation information as part of the sentence:Įach source cited in-text must also be listed in your References list.Parenthetical citation: Put all the citation information at the end of the sentence:.There are two main ways to format an in-text citation: Parenthetical citation or Narrative citation.
#Citw within jabref how to
To see how to format MLA in-text citations or Chicago Style citations, see these guides:
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